Substantial Sandwiches Inc Improves its Sanitary Rating

Basic - - From inspection on 2016-05-27: Basic - Walk-in cooler shelves with rust that has pitted the surface. **Repeat Violation** **Warning** - From follow-up inspection on 2016-08-31: **Time Extended** - From follow-up inspection on 2016-09-07: **Time Extended**

Basic - - From inspection on 2016-05-27: Basic - Walk-in cooler shelves with rust that has pitted the surface. **Repeat Violation** **Warning** - From follow-up inspection on 2016-08-31: **Time Extended**

High Priority - - From inspection on 2016-05-27: High Priority - Potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Reach in cooler temperatures at front line were- boiled eggs 55, cooked chicken 65, cut lettuce 48, cheese 53. Advised operator to use ice or switch TCS foods to a cooler that is maintaining 41° or below. **Warning** - From follow-up inspection on 2016-08-31: Eggs 57°F , cooked chicken 56°F, cut tomatoes 57°F, Cheese 54°F, Ambient temperature of cooler 56°F. Muffin pans used for portioning blocking air flow, employees removed, ambient air temperature dropping. TCS food removed and placed in working cooler. Time Extended** **Time Extended** **Corrective Action Taken**

Basic - Case/container/bag of food stored on floor in walk-in cooler/freezer. **Warning**

Basic - Equipment in poor repair. Sneeze guard broken at front line. **Warning**

Basic - No suitable facilities provided to store employee clothing and other possessions. Employee purses on shelf with produce and bread. **Warning**

Basic - Stored food not covered in walk-in cooler. Tuna salad. **Warning**

Basic - Walk-in cooler shelves with rust that has pitted the surface. **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Basic - Wiping cloth chlorine sanitizing solution not at proper minimum strength. Exceeds 200 ppm. Advised operator to dilute solution. **Warning**

High Priority - Potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Reach in cooler temperatures at front line were- boiled eggs 55, cooked chicken 65, cut lettuce 48, cheese 53. Advised operator to use ice or switch TCS foods to a cooler that is maintaining 41° or below. **Warning**

Intermediate - Food manager certification expired. A list of accredited food manager certification examination providers can be found at http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/hr/food-lodging/managercertification.html. **Warning**

Intermediate - Item stored in the sink. Pot scrubber in sink. **Warning**

Intermediate - No chlorine chemical test kit provided when using chlorine sanitizer at three-compartment sink/warewashing machine. **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Intermediate - No currently certified food service manager on duty with four or more employees engaged in food preparation/handling. A list of accredited food manager certification examination providers can be found at http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/hr/food-lodging/managercertification.html. **Corrected On-Site** **Warning**

Intermediate - Proof of required state approved employee training not available for some employees. To order approved program food safety material, call DBPR contracted provider: Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association (SafeStaff) 866-372-7233. **Warning**

Basic - Equipment and utensils not properly air-dried - wet nesting. **Repeat Violation**12/07/15-observed wet nesting

Basic - Reach-in cooler gasket torn/in disrepair. Front counter.12/07/15-time extended

Basic - Walk -in cooler/ freezer shelves with rust that has pitted the surface.12/07/15- time extended

Intermediate - No chlorine chemical test kit provided when using chlorine sanitizer at three-compartment sink/warewashing machine.12/07/15- did not observe chlorine test kit at time of call back

Basic - Bowl or other container with no handle used to dispense food. Bread crumbs container. **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Build-up of grease/dust/debris on hood filters.

Basic - Case/container/bag of food stored on floor in walk-in cooler/freezer. Bags of beef on walk in freezer floor. **Corrected On-Site** **Repeat Violation**

Basic - Equipment and utensils not properly air-dried - wet nesting. **Repeat Violation**

Basic - Reach-in cooler gasket torn/in disrepair. Front counter.

Basic - Walk -in cooler/ freezer shelves with rust that has pitted the surface.

Intermediate - No chlorine chemical test kit provided when using chlorine sanitizer at three-compartment sink/warewashing machine.

Intermediate - No paper towels or mechanical hand drying device provided at handwash sink. Hand sink next to three compartment sink.

Intermediate - No running water at mop sink. **Warning**

No Violations Were Observed

Basic - Accumulation of food debris/soil residue on handwash sink. **Warning**

Basic - Case/container/bag of food stored on floor in walk-in cooler/freezer. Bag of onions, bucket of pickles, box of chicken breast, box of beef. **Warning**

Basic - Cove molding at floor/wall juncture broken/missing. Towards back door. **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Basic - Equipment and utensils not properly air-dried - wet nesting. **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Basic - Hood soiled with accumulated grease. **Warning**

Basic - In-use utensil stored in standing water less than 135 degrees Fahrenheit. Utensils in water at grill at 85° **Warning**

Basic - In-use wet wiping cloth/towel used under cutting board. **Warning**

Basic - No mop sink or curbed cleaning facility provided. **Warning**

Basic - Shelf under preparation table soiled with food debris. Storage shelves, rusted, Rusted shelves. **Warning**

Basic - Single-service articles not stored inverted or protected from contamination. Soda cups. **Warning**

Basic - Ten (10) foot-candles of light at least 30 inches from floor not provided in walk-in freezer. **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Basic - Wall in disrepair. Next to back door. **Warning**

High Priority - Roach activity present as evidenced by live roaches found. Observed one live roach crawling on the wall next to ice machine. Operator used a paper towel to catch and dispose of roach in trash can. **Corrected On-Site** **Warning**

Intermediate - Handwash sink not accessible for employee use due to being blocked by large plastic carton. **Warning**

Intermediate - Handwash sink not accessible for employee use due to items stored in the sink. Pans. **Warning**

Intermediate - Wet cloth used to clean slicer. **Warning**

Basic - Cove molding at floor/wall juncture broken/missing at wall next to rear exit door.

Basic - Equipment and utensils not properly air-dried - wet nesting. Inserts

Basic - Food stored in dry storage area not covered, season in . **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Single-service articles not stored inverted or protected from contamination. Take out containers. **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Ten (10) foot-candles of light at least 30 inches from floor not provided in walk-in freezer.

Basic - Walk-in cooler gasket torn/in disrepair.

Basic - Working containers of food removed from original container not identified by common name. Seasoning in dry storage. **Corrected On-Site**

High Priority - Potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Chicken 44° ham 44° in reach in cooler. Corrective action taken.

Intermediate - Commercially processed ready-to-eat, potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food opened and held more than 24 hours not properly date marked after opening. Mustard dressing in walk in cooler.

Intermediate - Encrusted material on can opener blade.

Intermediate - Probe thermometer not used to ensure proper food temperatures.

Basic - Ceiling not smooth, nonabsorbent and easily cleanable in food preparation, food storage, warewashing areas or bathroom. **Warning**

Basic - Outer openings of establishment cannot be properly sealed when not in operation. Back door **Warning**

Intermediate - Proof of required state approved employee training not available for some employees. To order approved program food safety material, call DBPR''''s contracted provider: Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association (SafeStaff) 866-372-7233. **Warning**

Basic - Ceiling not smooth, nonabsorbent and easily cleanable in food preparation, food storage, warewashing areas or bathroom. **Admin Complaint**

Basic - Equipment and utensils not properly air-dried - wet nesting.

Basic - Exterior door has a gap at the threshold that opens to the outside. **Admin Complaint**

Basic - Hood soiled with accumulated grease.

Basic - Wet wiping cloth not stored in sanitizing solution between uses. **Corrected On-Site**

High Priority - Single-use gloves not changed as needed after changing tasks or when damaged or soiled. **Corrected On-Site**

Intermediate - Handwash sink not accessible for employee use due to being blocked by garbage can. **Corrected On-Site**

Intermediate - Proof of required state approved employee training not available for some employees. To order approved program food safety material, call DBPR's contracted provider: Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association (SafeStaff) 866-372-7233. **Admin Complaint**

Basic - Case/container/bag of food stored on floor in walk-in cooler/freezer. Box of Beef. **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Coffee filters not stored in a protected manner to prevent contamination. **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Employee drinking from an open beverage container in a food preparation or other restricted area. **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Employee personal items stored in or above a food preparation area.Employee Cell Phone **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Equipment in poor repair.Salad Cooler, in Service Area.

Basic - Exterior door has a gap at the threshold that opens to the outside.

Basic - Gaskets/seals on holding unit in poor repair. Walk in Freezer Door.

Basic - No mop sink or curbed cleaning facility provided.

Basic - Nonfood-contact equipment in poor repair.WIC and Walk in Freezer Handles need tone replaced.

Basic - Walk-in cooler gasket torn/in disrepair.

Basic - Wet mop not stored in a manner to allow the mop to dry. **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Working containers of food removed from original container not identified by common name.Squeeze Bottle with Mayo. **Corrected On-Site**

High Priority - Potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit.Salad Cooler: Cheese 46°F, Tomatoes 46°F, Lettuce 46°F,Salad Dressing 45°F. corrective Action Taken. Operator Iced down the Product and called Mechanic.

Intermediate - Cold holding equipment incapable of maintaining potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food at proper temperatures. Do not store potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food in this unit until the unit is capable of maintaining foods at 41 degrees Fahrenheit or colder. Salad Cooler In Service Area. Cheese 46°F, Cut Tomatoes 46°F, Lettuce 46°F, Salad addressing 45°F. Corrective Action Taken, Iced down the Product and had Operator Call the Mechanic.

Intermediate - No currently certified food service manager on duty with four or more employees engaged in food preparation/handling.

Intermediate - Slicer blade guard soiled with old food debris. **Corrected On-Site**

Basic - Ceiling not smooth, nonabsorbent and easily cleanable in food preparation, food storage, warewashing areas or bathroom. **Warning**

Basic - Fan cover in walk-in cooler has accumulation of dust/debris. **Warning**

Basic - Lights in food preparation, food storage or warewashing area missing the proper shield, sleeve coatings or covers. Walk in cooler **Warning**

Basic - Outer openings of establishment cannot be properly sealed when not in operation. Back door **Warning**

Basic - Shelf under preparation table soiled with food debris. **Warning**

High Priority - All potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) foods in reach-in cooler cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Cold cuts, tuna salad, potato salad on the flip top reach in cooler at the right of the cookline, beef butter, burgers on the flip top reach in cooler at the left of the cookline. Less than 4 h out of temperature according to PIC **Warning**Burgers 48°F, butter 50°F, cold cuts 48°F , chicken breast 46°F on the cookline fliptop reach in cooler and open top reach in cooler. 08/17/13

High Priority - All potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) foods in walk-in cooler cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Beef, poultry, cold cuts, salads at 45F **Warning** Chicken breast 45°F, boiled eggs 45°F, provolone cheese 45°F, ham 45°F, ground beef 47°F, poultry 47°F in the walk in cooler on 08/17/13

Intermediate - Accumulation of black/green mold-like substance on/around soda dispensing nozzles. **Warning**

Intermediate - Cold holding equipment incapable of maintaining potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food at proper temperatures. Do not store potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food in this unit until the unit is capable of maintaining foods at 41 degrees Fahrenheit or colder. Walk in cooler, flip top reach in cooler **Repeat Violation** **Warning**Observed TCS on the Walk in cooler, left flip top cookline reach in cooler and open top reach in cooler at greater than 41°F. 08/17/13

Intermediate - Proof of required state approved employee training not available for some employees. To order approved program food safety material, call DBPR''s contracted provider: Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association (SafeStaff) 866-372-7233. **Warning**

Basic - Case/container/bag of food stored on floor in walk-in cooler/freezer. Meats on the Walk in freezer and onions on the walk in cooler. **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Basic - Ceiling not smooth, nonabsorbent and easily cleanable in food preparation, food storage, warewashing areas or bathroom. **Warning**

Basic - Employee beverage container on a food preparation table or over/next to clean equipment/utensils. **Warning**

Basic - Fan cover in walk-in cooler has accumulation of dust/debris. **Warning**

Basic - Food debris accumulated on kitchen floor. **Warning**

Basic - Lights in food preparation, food storage or warewashing area missing the proper shield, sleeve coatings or covers. Walk in cooler **Warning**

Basic - No handwashing sign provided at a hand sink used by food employees. Ware washing area **Warning**

Basic - Outer openings of establishment cannot be properly sealed when not in operation. Back door **Warning**

Basic - Shelf under preparation table soiled with food debris. **Warning**

Basic - Single-service articles not stored inverted or protected from contamination. **Warning**

Basic - Wet wiping cloth not stored in sanitizing solution between uses.By the meat slicer. **Warning**

High Priority - Accumulation of dead or trapped birds, insects, rodents, or other pests, in control devices. Two dead roaches on traps on the back prep area **Warning**

High Priority - All potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) foods in reach-in cooler cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Cold cuts, tuna salad, potato salad on the flip top reach in cooler at the right of the cookline, beef butter, burgers on the flip top reach in cooler at the left of the cookline. Less than 4 h out of temperature according to PIC **Warning**

High Priority - All potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) foods in walk-in cooler cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Beef, poultry, cold cuts, salads at 45°F **Warning**

High Priority - Employee failed to wash hands before putting on gloves to work with food. **Warning**

High Priority - Food-contact surfaces not sanitized after cleaning, before use. Do not use equipment/utensils not properly sanitized. Washing equipment on the three compartment sink with out sanitizing it. **Warning**

High Priority - Wiping cloth sanitizer solution exceeds the maximum concentration allowed. **Warning**

Intermediate - Accumulation of black/green mold-like substance in the interior of the ice machine. **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Intermediate - Accumulation of black/green mold-like substance on/around soda dispensing nozzles. **Warning**

Intermediate - Cold holding equipment incapable of maintaining potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food at proper temperatures. Do not store potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food in this unit until the unit is capable of maintaining foods at 41 degrees Fahrenheit or colder. Walk in cooler, flip top reach in cooler **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Intermediate - Handwash sink not accessible for employee use due to being blocked by garbage can. **Warning** **Corrected On-Site**

Intermediate - Interior of reach-in cooler soiled with accumulation of food residue. Throughout **Repeat Violation** **Warning**

Intermediate - No chlorine chemical test kit provided when using chlorine sanitizer at three-compartment sink/warewashing machine. **Warning**

Intermediate - No paper towels or mechanical hand drying device provided at handwash sink. Restrooms, ware washing area **Warning**

Intermediate - Proof of required state approved employee training not available for some employees. To order approved program food safety material, call DBPR's contracted provider: Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association (SafeStaff) 866-372-7233. **Warning**

Intermediate - Reach-in cooler not maintaining potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food at proper temperatures. Do not store potentially hazardous (time/temperature control for safety) food in this unit until the unit is capable of maintaining foods at 41 degrees Fahrenheit or colder. Observed lunch meats at 50f, operator voluntarily iced, and moved to working units. Also contacted maintenance company. **Corrected On-Site**

High Priority - Raw animal food stored over ready-to-eat food in walk-in cooler. Observed raw shell eggs over RTE lettuce.

Basic - Case/container/bag of food stored on floor in walk-in freezer.

Basic - Walk-in cooler gasket torn/in disrepair.

Basic - Gaskets/seals on holding unit in poor repair. Observed in walk in freezer.

Basic - Ice buildup in walk-in freezer.

Intermediate - Accumulation of black substance in the interior of the ice machine.

Intermediate - Interior of reach-in cooler soiled with accumulation of food residue. Observed throughout facility.

Basic - Soiled reach-in cooler gaskets.

Basic - Equipment and utensils not properly air-dried - wet nesting. Observed on shelf above 3 compartment sink.

Basic - Bathroom door not self-closing. Men''s room.

Basic - Exterior door has a gap at the threshold that opens to the outside. Rear exit door back area where observed

Critical - Observed shell eggs in use or stored with cracks or broken shells. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Label on a food item packaged on-site lacking required information.

Critical - Ready-to-eat, potentially hazardous food prepared on site and held more than 24 hours with not properly date marked.

Critical - Observed an open beverage container on a food preparation table or over/next to clean equipment/utensils. Corrected On Site.

Wet wiping cloth not stored in sanitizing solution between uses. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Observed soil buildup inside ice bin.

Observed single-service articles stored without protection from contamination. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Hand wash sink lacking proper hand drying provisions. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Outer openings not protected with self-closing doors.back door

Critical - Outer openings of establishment cannot be properly sealed when not in operation.back door

Observed wall in disrepair.above 3-compartment sunk

Critical - Observed unlabeled spray bottle.

Critical - Observed food container not properly labeled.

Critical - Observed food stored in ice used for drinks.

Critical - Observed raw animal food stored over ready-to-eat food.bacon above cake speed rack Corrected On Site.

Critical - Observed employee drinking from an open beverage container in a food preparation or other restricted area.

Critical - Observed an open beverage container on a food preparation table or over/next to clean equipment/utensils.

Wet wiping cloth not stored in sanitizing solution between uses.

Observed single-service articles stored without protection from contamination. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Observed handwash sink used for purposes other than handwashing.

Critical - No handwashing sign provided at a handsink used by food employees.

Critical - Hand wash sink lacking proper hand drying provisions.

Critical - Handwashing cleanser lacking at handwashing lavatory.

Critical - Observed live flies in kitchen.

Observed wall in disrepair.3-compartment sink

Observed dusty ceiling tiles and/or air conditioning vent covers.

Light not functioning.sandwich station

Observed personal care item stored with food. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Observed processed ready-to-eat, potentially hazardous food held more than 24 hours not properly date marked after opening.dressing in walkin Repeat Violation.

Critical - Label on a food item packaged on-site lacking required information.

Critical - Working containers of food removed from original container not identified by common name.sugar Corrected On Site. Repeat Violation.

Observed attached equipment soiled with accumulated grease.hood

Observed ceiling in disrepair. Repeat Violation.above 3-compartment sink

Observed dusty ceiling tiles and/or air conditioning vent covers.

Observed personal care item stored with food.pocketbook Corrected On Site.

Critical - Observed unlabeled spray bottle. Repeat Violation.

Critical - Working containers of food removed from original container not identified by common name. Chick peas, Walk in cooler

Critical - Working containers of food removed from original container not identified by common name. Olives, Walk in cooler

Critical - Observed food stored on floor. Cookies, Walk in freezer

Critical - Observed food stored on floor. Chicken,Reach In cooler

Shelves attached to walls in walk-ins not constructed of materials that are corrosion resistant, non-absorbent, smooth and easily cleanable.

Critical - Observed soil buildup inside ice bin. "BLACK MOLDLIKE RESIDUE"

Critical - Observed handwash sink used for purposes other than handwashing. Kitchen

Carbon dioxide/helium tanks not adequately secured.

Critical - Working containers of food removed from original container not identified by common name.

Critical - Observed torn packages/bags of food exposing the contents to contamination.

Wet wiping cloth not stored in sanitizing solution between uses. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Outer openings of establishment cannot be properly sealed when not in operation.back door Repeat Violation. This violation must be corrected by : 7/02/11.

Observed wall in disrepair.

Observed ceiling in disrepair.

Observed dusty ceiling tiles and/or air conditioning vent covers.

Lights missing the proper shield, sleeve coatings or covers.

Observed personal care item stored with food. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Observed unlabeled spray bottle.

Wet wiping cloth not stored in sanitizing solution between uses. Corrected On Site.

Critical - Outer openings not protected with self-closing doors.back door Repeat Violation.

Critical - Outer openings of establishment cannot be properly sealed when not in operation.back door Repeat Violation.

Observed wall in disrepair.

Observed ceiling in disrepair.

Lights missing the proper shield, sleeve coatings or covers.

Critical - Observed unlabeled spray bottle.

Critical - Observed an open beverage container on a food preparation table or over/next to clean equipment/utensils. Corrected On Site.

Observed single-service articles stored without protection from contamination. Corrected On Site.

Observed leaking pipe at plumbing fixture.handsink

Critical - Outer openings of establishment cannot be properly sealed when not in operation.back door Repeat Violation.

Floors not maintained smooth and durable.walkin Repeat Violation.

Observed wall in disrepair. Repeat Violation.

Observed wall soiled with accumulated food debris. Repeat Violation.

Observed dusty ceiling tiles and/or air conditioning vent covers.

Lights missing the proper shield, sleeve coatings or covers.

Critical - Observed unlabeled spray bottle. Repeat Violation.

Observed unnecessary items on the premise.

Critical - Observed processed ready-to-eat, potentially hazardous food held more than 24 hours not properly date marked after opening.

Critical - No conspicuously located thermometer in holding unit.

Critical - Observed potentially hazardous food thawed at room temperature.

Wet wiping cloth not stored in sanitizing solution between uses.

Critical - Observed soil buildup inside ice bin.

Critical - Observed interior of reach-in cooler soiled with accumulation of food residue.

Observed single-service articles stored without protection from contamination.

Observed wall soiled with accumulated food debris.

Observed ceiling soiled with accumulated food debris.

Observed dusty ceiling tiles and/or air conditioning vent covers.

Lights missing the proper shield, sleeve coatings or covers.

Critical - Observed unlabeled spray bottle.

In use food dispensing utensils properly stored

Critical - Outer openings protected from insects, rodent proof

Critical - Thermometers, gauges, test kits provided

Critical - Toxic items labeled and used properly

Walls, ceilings, and attached equipment, constructed, clean

Walls, ceilings, and attached equipment, constructed, clean

Wiping cloths clean, used properly, stored

Clean clothes, hair restraints

Critical - Current license properly displayed

Critical - Employee training validation

Critical - Facilities to maintain product temperature

Critical - Facilities to maintain product temperature

Floors properly constructed, clean, drained, coved

Floors properly constructed, clean, drained, coved

Critical - Food contact surfaces of equipment and utensils clean

Critical - Food contact surfaces of equipment and utensils clean

Critical - Food protection during storage, preparation, display, service, transportation

Critical - Original container: properly labeled, date marking

Critical - Potentially hazardous food properly thawed

Critical - Thermometers provided and conspicuously placed

Critical - Thermometers provided and conspicuously placed

No Violations Were Observed

Carbon dioxide/helium tanks not adequately secured.

Critical - Hand sink missing at dishwashing machine or area.

Lights missing the proper shield, sleeve coatings or covers. Over prep area.

Critical - Observed an open beverage container on a food preparation table or over/next to clean equipment/utensils. Corrected On Site.

Observed ceiling soiled with accumulated dust. WALKIN

Observed employee with no hair restraint.

Observed food debris accumulated on kitchen floor. UNDER SHELVES

Observed food debris accumulated on kitchen floor. WALKIN

Observed open dumpster lid.

Critical - Observed potentially hazardous food cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Reachin coolers holding temperature of 48 degrees.

Critical - Observed potentially hazardous food cold held at greater than 41 degrees Fahrenheit. This violation must be corrected by : 3.22.09.

Critical - Observed soil buildup inside ice bin.

Critical - Observed soiled reach-in cooler gaskets.

Observed wall soiled with accumulated food debris.

Critical - Ready-to-eat, potentially hazardous food prepared on site and held more than 24 hours with not properly date marked.

Wet wiping cloth not stored in sanitizing solution between uses.